2020英语备课资料：高考英语真题分项详解 专题04 七选五【2018】

专题04  七选五-五年高考英语真题分项详解 【2018】

1.【2018·全国I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Color is fundamental in home design——something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?____36____, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.

Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.____37____, they can get a little complex .But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.

____38____. They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .

Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves ____39____. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.

The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.____40____.

A. While all of them are useful

B. Whatever you’re looking for

C. If you’re experimenting with a color

D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with

E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces

F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time

G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways

【答案】36. B    37. A    38. D    39. G    40. F

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。

36. 36题以逗号结尾，后面另起一个简单句，可以从句子结构排除D,E,F,G项。根据前文的三个问句可知，此处是从中选择一种。故选B（不管你寻找哪一种）。

37. 前文：在过去的许多年里，有许多技术帮助设计者实现这一要点；下文：它们有点复杂。所以A（然而他们都很有用）承上启下。符合题意。

38. 本空是一个主题句，总说选择小型颜色是我们很熟悉的方法。后文分说小型颜色选择具体用于哪些。故选D。

39. 根据前文“中型颜色选择通常是指一些例如沙发，餐桌或者书架等家具的颜色选择”，接着表明这种范围的颜色选择是比小型颜色选择在两种方式上更高一级，故选G。

40. 根据前文the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant（你所付诸的时间、精力和相关的费用是巨大的），后文F项（那肯定是值得的，因为你想第一次把它弄好）是上文的结果。故选F。

2.【2018·全国II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. ___36___ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.

Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.___37___

Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. ___38___ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.

___39___ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.

___40___ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.

There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.

A. You will stick to your diet.

B. Your quality of sleep improves.

C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.

D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.

E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.

F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.

G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!

【答案】36. G    37. E   

38. F    39. B   

40. A

【解析】这是一篇说明文。列举了早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处，号召人们早点起床，进行身体锻炼。

36. 根据空前的内容“生活忙碌没有时间锻炼”和空后的内容“晨练除了身体健康之外，还能带来其他好处”，下文接着列举了晨练的其他好处。由此可知，此处缺一个承上启下句。G项中then listen up!（那么请仔细听!）很好的起到了承上启下的作用。故选G。

37. 根据上一句Exercising makes you more awake（锻炼能让你更清醒），E项（你可以在运动后保持头脑清醒4-10个小时。）是对上一句的进一步解释。故选E。

38. 空前句子是本段的主题句，晨练是新陈代谢的开始，空后句子说如果晨练，则你会得到卡路里一整天都在燃烧的益处，F项（锻炼之后，你一整天都在燃烧卡路里。）是空后句子的根据，空后句子是对F项的进一步延伸。故选F。

39. 此处缺一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。B项（你的睡眠质量提高了。）是对后面内容的总述。故选B。

40. 根据空后句子“If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.（如果你在早晨锻炼身体，你将更有可能坚持健康的食物选择。）”，A项(你将坚持你的饮食。)符合本段内容，是主题句，起到统领下文的作用。故选A。

3.【2018·全国III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow ,life and death, and everything else in between.

___36___We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.

“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything else with my life." Bridges  runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching dance is wonderful. ____37____It's great to watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life."

___38___"I can tell you about one young couple," says Bridges. “They're learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. _____39_____”

So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.____40____ I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive."

A. So why do we dance?

B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.

C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.

D. My older students say it makes them feel young.

E. I keep practicing even When I'm extremely tired.

F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.

G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.

【答案】36. B    37. D    38. A    39. F    40. E

【解析】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了跳舞的好处。

36. 根据后文We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time. 等可知，这里是说在美国到处有人跳舞，从佛罗里达到阿拉斯加，从北到南等，故选B。

37. 根据前文舞蹈课为各个年龄阶段的人架起了桥梁，教跳舞是非常好的，再根据后句it’s great to watch them，根据人称可知是在谈论他们，所以D和F符合，再根据本段最后一句可知，此段主要介绍了跳舞对他们的好处，故选D。

38. 根据第四段后句，是通过举例介绍人们跳舞的原因，故选A。

39. 根据前句they arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile, 所以他们的心情彻底改变，故选F。

40. 根据文章前后句可知，此处人称为第一人称，所以E符合语境，作者结合自己的跳舞经历介绍了跳舞给自己带来的好处。

4.【2018·浙江卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood  . the easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. _____31_____

Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. ____32____ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.

Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously,. When going for a walk. Take a small garbage bag. _____33_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.

______34______ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there to help in any way this acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.

______35______ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciate.

A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.

B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.

C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.

D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.

E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.

F. People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.

G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly

【答案】31. G    32. F    33. E    34. B    35. C

【解析】怎样成为一个邻居都喜欢的人，作者给了几点建议。

31. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值的部分，最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居。下文是具体做法，G项：这里有一些技巧，可以帮助你迅速赢得邻居的信赖。承上启下，故选G。

32. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍和邻居关系融洽最重要的是保持干净整洁的户内户外环境，F项中keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. 保持街上的一切新鲜和诱人，与本段意思一致，故选F。

33. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿上一个垃圾袋，E项：遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。与上句连接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故选E。

34. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同时尊重邻居的隐私。B项：好邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助别人的人，符合本段内容，故选B。

35. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。最后一段是总结，只要我们考虑周到，尊重他人，照顾好属于自己的东西，为周围的人感到自豪，很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。C项中considerate behavior是下文内容的概括，故选C。

5.【2018·北京卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Why Do We Get Angry?

 Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations.     51   

Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. ____52____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.

Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry.    53    Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.

    54    Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.

    55    However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.

A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.

B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.

C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.

D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.

E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.

F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.

G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.

【答案】51. F    52. G    53. E    54. A    55. D

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了导致人们生气的三个原因并指出如何防止愤怒爆发。

51. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到导致人们生气的三个主要原因： triggering（触发）events，personality traits（特征），our assessment of situations，下面的几段具体分析了这三个原因与生气的关系。故该句应该起承上启下的作用，故F选项（如果我们愿意用批判性的目光来评估自己的话，那么了解这些原因将会控制我们的愤怒。）承上启下，故选F。

52. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。该空前面两句提到引发愤怒的事件很多，例如：堵车，截止日期临近，身体疼痛等。下一句提到：某件事会激发一个人的怒气，但其他人却不会为此而生气的原因是由于个人的历史和心理特征。该空承上启下，应当提到某件事会使某些人生气，但不会使别人生气这个现象，故G选项（人们对这些事情的反应不一样，这就导致使一个人生气的事情可能会让另一个人生气，也可能不会让另一个人生气。）承上启下，故选G。

53. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到：每个人都有自己的心里不平衡的地方。那些比较好强，气量比较小的人更容易生气。下一句提到：而且，有时候，pre-anger并不一定是一种持久的状态，而是一种触发事件发生前的暂时状态。该空承上启下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征，又要提到下一句中的pre-anger，故Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind. （拥有这些个性特征意味着愤怒之前的状态，愤怒就在你的大脑背景中。）承上启下，故选E。

54. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：有时候，甚至常规性的事件也会变成pre-anger或恼怒的来源。有时候对这些情况的无知和负面观点会产生愤怒。该空位于段首，引出下文，故A选项（我们的对情况的态度和看法也会在我们内心产生愤怒。）是本段的主题句，概括全段内容，故选A。

55. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：但是生气很容易转变为暴力，所以最好了解一下愤怒的原因来阻止它的存在。该句和上一句之间是转折关系，结合剩余选项可知，D选项（愤怒是一种特别强烈的感情，或许人们认为他们有理由生气。）和下文构成转折关系，故选D