2020英语备课资料：高考英语真题分项详解 专题02阅读理解之记叙文和议论文2017

专题02阅读理解之记叙文【2017年】

1. 【2017·全国卷I，B】

I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.

I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.

I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.

The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.

Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.

A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.

24. What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?

A. Efforts made in vain.

B. Getting injured in his work.

C. Feeling uncertain about his future.

D. Creatures forced out of their homes.

25. Why was the author called to Muttontown?

A. To rescue a woman.

B. To take care of a woman.

C. To look at a baby owl.

D. To cure a young owl.

26. What made the chick calm down?

A. A new nest.              B. Some food.                     C. A recording.                    D. Its parents.

27. How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?

A. It’s unexpected.                                                   B. It’s beautiful.

C. It’s humorous.                                                    D. It’s discouraging.

【文章大意】救助小动物并没有那么简单，因为你所做的救助行为到最后可能都成了无用功。但无论结果怎样，救助小动物的这种行为是美好的。本文主要介绍了作者救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新的窝，帮助它回到父母身边的故事。

24. A  推理判断题。根据第一段中的Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.可知救助受伤的、流离失所的、生病的动物是令人心碎的，因为我们不知道救助的动物是否能活下去，也就是说我们为救助动物而花费的努力可能会白费，这是不可避免的。故选A。

25. C  推理判断题。根据第二段中的She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl可知有人给作者打电话是因为有只小猫头鹰掉在地上了，作者赶过去看看情况。文中并没有说小猫头鹰受伤了，作者只是过去看情况，所以D选项错误。故选C。

26. A  细节理解题。根据第四段中的I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down可知在作者把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后，它很快就安静下来，所以是窝让小猫头鹰安静下来的。故选A。

27. B  观点态度题。根据前文描述可知作者为小猫头鹰做了窝，并且帮助它找回了它的父母，小猫头鹰的父母还为它带回了午餐，作者的救助成功了，说明结局是美好的。再结合第一段的However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.可推测，作者感觉很美好。故选B。

2. 【2017·全国卷II，B】

I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.

The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.

We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back — he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.

I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.

24. Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?

A. Paul Newman wanted it.

B. The studio powers didn’t like his agent.

C. He wasn’t famous enough.

D. The director recommended someone else.

25. Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?

A. They were of the same age.     

B. They worked in the same theater.

C. They were both good actors.    

D. They had similar characteristics.

26. What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Their belief.     

B. Their care for children.

C. Their success.    

D. Their support for each other.

27. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A. To show his love of films.

B. To remember a friend.

C. To introduce a new movie.

D. To share his acting experience.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了与Paul的相识及与其建立友谊的原因，虽不常见面但是却因共同的信念而保持着友谊。

24.C 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"When the studio didn’t want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me"可知，摄影棚起初不愿意给作者角色的原因是想找一个与Paul一样著名的人物。故可知作者当时不够有名。该题选C项。该题文中只是给出了一些琐碎的信息，需要考生根据这些信息总结出两人拥有持久友谊的原因，这就要求考生具有一定的归纳推理能力。文中明确提到了作者与Paul并不同龄，所以排除A项;B项文中并未提及；C项不是两人拥有持久友谊的原因。

25. D 【解析】考查推理判断。根据文章第二段中的"We were respectful of craft(技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American  actors"可知，作者与Paul之所以拥有持久的友谊是因为他们有相似的性格特征。故D项符合题意。

26.A 【解析】考查代词指代。根据第三段中的"We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back"可知，下文的内容是对the belief的解释,that引导同位语从句，解释说明the belief的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。故选A项。该题要求考生具有一定的句法分析能力，能从一个长难句中找出关键词，并根据上下文信息判断出代词的指代内容。而B、C项只是the belief后的同位语从句中的部分内容，故排除；根据画线词后一句可排除D项。

27.B 【解析】考查写作目的。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的"I first met Paul Newman in 1968"以及最后一段中的"I last saw him a few months ago"可知，该篇文章的写作目的是回忆一位朋友，所以选B项。

 3. 【2017·全国卷III，B】

Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment inpreparation for the building’s end.

The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.

Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater’s location(位置) was also a reason. ＂This used to be the center of town,＂ he said. ＂Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.＂

Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.

The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.

24. In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special?

A. It made room for new equipment.

B. It signaled the closedown of the theater.

C. It was done with the help of the audience.

D. It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.

25. Why was The Last Picture Show put on?

A. It was an all-time classic.

B. It was about the history of the town.

C. The audience requested it.

D. The theater owner found it suitable.

26. What will probably happen to the building?

A. It will be repaired.

B. It will be turned into a museum.

C. It will be knocked down.

D. It will be sold to the city government.

27. What can we infer about the audience?

A. They are disappointed with Bradford.

B. They are sad to part with the old theater.

C. They are supportive of the city officials.

D. They are eager to have a shopping center.

【答案】

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一家具有75年历史的剧院因为不利的地理位置和现代剧院的竞争而被转售的故事。

24.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据首段的最后两句可知，这次散场后的清理工作与之前不同的是工人不仅清理走了垃圾，而且还搬走了座椅和剧院的其他设备，因为剧院已经被转卖出去了。

25.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，剧院老板选择这部电影是因为这部电影本身讲述的就是小镇上唯一的电影院准备关门停业的故事，与Plaza Theater的现状一样。

26.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段末句中的＂which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located＂可以推断出这个剧院将被拆除，取而代之的是一个购物中心。

27.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的＂most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building＂可知，人们非常难过，不愿意看到老剧院被拆掉。

4. 【2017·北京卷，B】

It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn’t know each other well — Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.

Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground,＂Paris’s eyes rolled back,＂ Taylor says. ＂She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.＂

It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die.  At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, ＂Does anyone know CPR?＂

CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person’s chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly.

Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn’t think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. ＂It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,＂ says Taylor.

Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris’s heartbeat returned.

＂I know I was really lucky,＂ Paris says now. ＂Most people don’t survive this. My team saved my life.＂

Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.

Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. ＂I feel more confident in my actions now,＂ Taylor says. ＂I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.＂

56. What happened to Paris on a March day?

A. She caught a bad cold.

B. She had a sudden heart problem.

C. She was knocked down by a ball.

D. She shivered terribly during practice.

57. Why does Paris say she was lucky?

A. She made a worthy friend.

B. She recovered from shock.

C. She received immediate CPR.

D. She came back on the softball team.

58. Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?

A. Enthusiastic and kind.

B. Courageous and calm.

C. Cooperative and generous.

D. Ambitious and professional.

【文章大意】讲述Taylor Bisbee通过及时的CPR挽救了一位学生的生命。

56.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure.可知Paris是突然的心力衰竭，肯定是心脏问题，故答案为B。

57.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段＂Most people don’t survive this. My team saved my life.＂可知大多数人都没有从这样的疾病中活过来，她的队友们给她进行及时的心脏复苏，以及一系列的救治，把她救了回来，因此她觉得自己很幸运，故选C。

58.B 【解析】推理判断题。Taylor根据自己所学的CPR知识及时挽救了 Paris的生命，虽然当时有所犹豫，但是很快地进行CPR抢救，说明她很勇敢，很镇静，不慌不忙，不像其他孩子那样陷入惊慌之中，故选B。

5. 【2017·天津卷，B】

Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.

Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.

Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.

Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.

This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.

Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.

That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.

41. What happened when the author was about to take a photo?

A. Her camera stopped working.

B. A woman blocked her view.

C. Someone asked her to leave.

D. A friend approached from behind.

42. According to the author, the woman was probably___________.

A. enjoying herself

B. losing her patience

C. waiting for the sunset

D. thinking about her past

43. In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive?

A. The rich color of the landscape.

B. The perfect positioning of the camera.

C. The woman’s existence in the photo.

D. The soft sunlight that summer day.

44. The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ____________.

A. the need to be close to nature

B. the importance of private space

C. the joy of the vacation in Italy

D. the shared passion for beauty

45. The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon _____________.

A. a particular life experience                                    B. the pleasure of traveling

C. the art of photography                                          D. a lost friendship

【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者一次旅行的特殊经历带给作者的深思和感悟。

41.B  【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段第一句Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view可知选B。

42.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段的句子She seemed so content in her observation.可知选A。

43.C  【解析】考查细节理解。根据第四段的句子And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.可知选C。

44.D 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第五段的句子This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom.可知选D。

45.A  【解析】考查推理判断。最后两段内容是作者对这次特殊经历的感悟，所以这篇文章可以看做是作者对一次特殊经历的深入思考。故选A。

 6.【2017·浙江卷，A】

Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.

The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.

The cat’s lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.

In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr.Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.

In the city, Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景) painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, "Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night." While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.

21.What is the text mainly about?

A. Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.

B. Williams’ influence on Benjamin.

C. The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.

D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.

22.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?

A. The cat would be closely watched.

B. The cat would get some medical care.

C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly.

D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon.

23.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?

A. He took him to see painting exhibitions.

B. He provided him with painting materials.

C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.

D. He taught him how to make engravings.

24.Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to　　　.

A. master the use of paints    

B. appreciate landscape paintings

C. get to know other painters 

D. make up his mind to be a painter

【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，主要讲了美国绘画之父Benjamin在决定要成为一名画家之前的经历。

21.C 【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了美国绘画之父Benjamin在成为一名画家之前的生活经历，并介绍了Pennington对Benjamin在绘画道路上的一些帮助，故选C。

22.D 【解析】句意猜测题。根据第三段＂These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen＂可知Benjamin在剪完猫的毛做刷子之后，就很快有了真正的刷子，故选D。

23.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段＂Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings＂可知Pennington为了帮助Benjamin培养绘画天赋，给他提供了一些绘画材料，故选B。

24.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段＂While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist＂可知：这两本书帮助Benjamin坚定了自己成为一名画家的决心，故选D。

7. 【2017·全国卷I，C】

Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.

Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.

It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.

＂Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,＂ Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. ＂What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.＂

Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.

＂The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,＂ says Moran.

Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, ＂just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,＂ says Moran. ＂For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,＂ says Moran, ＂so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.＂

28. Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?

A. To remember the birth of jazz.

B. To protect cultural diversity.

C. To encourage people to study music.

D. To recognize the value of jazz.

29. What does the underlined word ＂that＂ in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Jazz becoming more accessible.

B. The production of jazz growing faster.

C. Jazz being less popular with the young.

D. The jazz audience becoming larger.

30. What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?

A. It will disappear gradually.

B. It remains black and white.

C. It should keep up with the times.

D. It changes every 50 years.

31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Exploring the Future of Jazz

B. The Rise and Fall of Jazz

C. The Story of a Jazz Musician

D. Celebrating the Jazz Day

【文章大意】为提高人们对于爵士乐的重视程度，UNESCO把4月30日定为国际爵士日，然而这一行为还是没能挽救爵士乐。Jason Moran认为时代在进步，为了将老一代人和年轻一代人连接起来，爵士乐也应该不断进步。

28. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.可知UNESCO把4月30日定为国际爵士日是为了让人们重视爵士乐，意识到它的重要性以及它作为连接各文化的纽带之声的潜在功能，也就是为了让人们意识到爵士乐的价值。故选D。

29. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据前文Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations可知尽管UNESCO为爵士乐设了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化，爵士乐没能将年轻一代人连接起来。再结合It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that(Jason Moran的工作帮助改变了那一情况)可推测that指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。故选C。

30. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same可知Moran认为现在爵士乐不能以1908或1958年的方式来呈现，因为世界已经不同了，所以爵士乐必须不断进步，说明随着时代的发展，爵士乐也要跟上时代才不会被年轻一代所抛弃。故选C。

31. A 【解析】标题选择题。通读全文可知本文主要讲UNESCO为提高人们对爵士乐的重视而设立爵士日，但实际收效甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步，否则它将失去对人们的吸引力，因此本文主要是探索爵士乐的未来，故选A。

8. 【2017·全国卷III，B】

Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment inpreparation for the building’s end.

The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.

Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater’s location(位置) was also a reason. ＂This used to be the center of town,＂ he said. ＂Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.＂

Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.

The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.

24. In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special?

A. It made room for new equipment.

B. It signaled the closedown of the theater.

C. It was done with the help of the audience.

D. It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.

25. Why was The Last Picture Show put on?

A. It was an all-time classic.

B. It was about the history of the town.

C. The audience requested it.

D. The theater owner found it suitable.

26. What will probably happen to the building?

A. It will be repaired.

B. It will be turned into a museum.

C. It will be knocked down.

D. It will be sold to the city government.

27. What can we infer about the audience?

A. They are disappointed with Bradford.

B. They are sad to part with the old theater.

C. They are supportive of the city officials.

D. They are eager to have a shopping center.

【文章大意】这是一篇社会生活类文章，讲述了一家具有75年历史的剧院因为不利的地理位置和现代剧院的竞争而被转售的故事。

24.B【解析】细节理解题。根据首段的最后两句可知，这次散场后的清理工作与之前不同的是工人不仅清理走了垃圾，而且还搬走了座椅和剧院的其他设备，因为剧院已经被转卖出去了。

25.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，剧院老板选择这部电影是因为这部电影本身讲述的就是小镇上唯一的电影院准备关门停业的故事，与Plaza Theater的现状一样。

26.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段末句中的＂which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located＂可以推断出这个剧院将被拆除，取而代之的是一个购物中心。

27.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的＂most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building＂可知，人们非常难过，不愿意看到老剧院被拆掉。

9. 【2017·江苏卷，C】

A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry, urging antitrust(反垄断) regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants(巨头) that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.

Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants’ success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery. Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.

But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a "God’s eye view" of activities in their own markets and beyond.

This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required — and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.

The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms’ data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.

The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them. Companies could be forced to reveal to consumers what information they hold and how much money they make from it. Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users’ consent.

Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy. But if governments don’t want a data economy controlled by a few giants, they must act soon.

61. Why is there a call to break up giants?

A. They have controlled the data market.

B. They collect enormous private data.

C. They no longer provide free services.

D. They dismissed some new-born giants.

62. What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?

A. Data giants’ technology is very expensive.

B. Google’s idea is popular among data firms.

C. Data can strengthen giants’ controlling position.

D. Data can be turned into new services or products.

63. By paying attention to firms’ data assets, antitrust regulators could 　　　.

A. kill a new threat                             B. avoid the size trap

C. favour bigger firms                                D. charge higher prices

64. What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data?

A. Big companies could relieve data security pressure.

B. Governments could relieve their financial pressure.

C. Consumers could better protect their privacy.

D. Small companies could get more opportunities.

【文章大意】文章大意：本文主要讲的是信息时代的信息数据的垄断现象。一些科技巨头Google, Amazon, Facebook, Microsoft等对数据的垄断引来了有关部门的反垄断调查。

61.A【解析】第二段＂Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up.＂中的such指代上文介绍的公司现状，根据第一段中的＂urging antitrust（反垄断）regulators to step in to check those who control its flow＂可知，督促反垄断管理者介入来调查控制数据市场的大公司。

62.C【解析】根据第三段中的＂Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a ＂God’s eye view＂ of activities in their own markets and beyond.＂可知，互联网公司对数据的掌控使得它们拥有了很大的权力，说明数据会加强大公司的统治地位。

63.B

【解析】根据倒数第三段＂The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms’ data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals.＂可知，在考虑公司数据资产的基础上，反垄断监管机构会避免陷于规模陷阱。

64.D【解析】根据倒数第二段Companies could be forced to consumers what information they hold and how many money they make from it. Governments... with  users’ consent.＂可知，由于大公司垄断数据信息，不利于小公司更好地服务消费者，也不利于政府开展工作。弱化这种垄断将会给小公司带去更多的发展机会。

10. 【2017·天津卷，C】

This month, Germany’s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.

The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.

Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel — to check email, say — the car’s maker is responsible if there is a crash.

“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.

Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.

An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.

But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say ‘driverless cars’, people expect driverless cars.” Merat says. “You know — no driver.”

Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.

Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.

That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.

46. What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. A place where cars often break down.

B. A case where passing a law is impossible.

C. An area where no driving is permitted.

D. A situation where drivers’ role is not clear.

47. The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to _____________.

A. stop people from breaking traffic rules

B. help promote fully automatic driving

C. protect drivers of all ages and races

D. prevent serious property damage

48. What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?

A. It should get the attention of insurance companies.

B. It should be the main concern of law makers.

C. It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.

D. It should involve no human responsibility.

49. Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in ____________.

A. Singapore                        B. the UK                            C. the US                            D. Germany

50. What could be the best title for the passage?

A. Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability?

B. Fully Automatic Cars: A New Breakthrough

C. Autonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed!

D. Driverless Cars: Root of Road Accidents

【语篇解读】文章介绍了德国交通部长对于自主驾驶车辆的规章制度的一个提议，引出说明了位于科技前沿的无人驾驶的自动化车辆在英国、新加坡和美国的不同前景。

46.D【解析】考查词义猜测。根据第二段的句子the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future可知选D。

47.B【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段内容The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles…可知选B。

48.D【解析】考查细节理解。根据第六、七、八段内容可知选D。

49.C【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.可知选C。

50.A【解析】考查标题归纳。通读全文可以知道，本文主要讲述了谁来对无人驾驶的机动车辆负责。故选A。

11. 【2017·天津卷，D】

I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours? To understand the issue, let’s take a look at three types of “waits”.

The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink(洗碗池) as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it’s full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.

A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Properly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific. “Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove from heat, let stand five minutes.” I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patience.

Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.

Turning one’s life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.

We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time you’re standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don’t be desperate. You’re probably just as busy as the next guy.

51. While doing a Watched-Pot Wait, we tend to __________.

A. keep ourselves busy

B. get absent-minded

C. grow anxious

D. stay focused

52. What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait?

A. The Forced Wait requires some self-control.

B. The Forced Wait makes people passive.

C. The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions.

D. The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain.

53. What can we learn about the Lucky-Break Wait?

A. It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait.

B. It doesn’t always bring the desired result.

C. It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait.

D. It doesn’t give people faith and hope.

54. What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting?

A. Take it seriously.

B. Don’t rely on others.

C. Do something else.

D. Don’t lose heart.

55. The author supports his view by __________.

A. exploring various causes of “waits”

B. describing detailed processes of “waits”

C. analyzing different categories of “waits”

D. revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”

【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要通过介绍三种不同种类的等待来论述我们花费大量的时间来等待，而且作者陈述了自己的观点，即充满希望和信念地等待。

51.B【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段的句子During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless. 可知选B。

52.A【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段内容，尤其是This one requires a bit of discipline. 及After all, Forced Waiting requires patience. 可知选A。

53.B【解析】考查细节理解。根据第四段的句子Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.可知选B。

54.D【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段第二句可以判断出下次当我们等待的时候作者建议我们不要灰心、绝望。故选D。

55.C【解析】考查推理判断。通读全文可以知道，作者在二、三、四段列举了三种类型的等待，所以判断出作者是通过分析不同种类的等待来支持自己的观点的。故选C。

12. 【2017·浙江卷，C】

Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查)by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.

How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest; most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.

"More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会)to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone," says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.

Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.

25.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?

A. American kids’ sleeping habits.                      B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.

C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness.                         D. Learning problems and lack of sleep.

26.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?

A.7 hours.                    B.8 hours.                     C.10 hours.                   D.18 hours.

27.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?

A. They are affected by certain body chemicals.

B. They tend to do things that excite them.

C. They follow their parents’ examples.

D. They don’t need to go to school early.

【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，首先用数据告诉我们美国孩子的睡眠状况堪忧，接着告诉我们孩子在不同年龄段需要的睡眠时间不同，然后分析了孩子晚睡的原因，最后介绍了一些学校为了让孩子们有更多的睡眠时间而推迟了上课的时间。

25. A【解析】细节理解题。文中第一段列举了一些数据，向我们说明美国有51%的10到18岁的孩子上床睡觉的时间偏晚，也调查了60%的7到12岁的孩子在白天感到疲惫，15%的孩子会在学校睡着，所以这些调查都是关于美国孩子的睡眠习惯的，故选A。

26. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段＂For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal＂可知11岁正在上学的小孩子的理想睡眠时间是10个小时，故选C。

27. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段＂She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep＂可知她认为孩子们睡觉晚的原因是他们会在睡前做一些让他们兴奋的活动，故选B。