特殊的反意疑问句

浅谈特殊的反意疑问句

    反意疑问句是附加在陈述句之后, 对所陈述内容提出质疑或通过反问以强化陈述内容的一种疑问句。

    正常情况下, 如果陈述部分是肯定的, 附加部分用否定形式, 如果陈述部分是否定的, 附加部分用肯定形式。  附加部分的助动词和代词应与陈述部分一致。

 e.g. They are students, aren't they?

      They aren't students, are they?

      She works hard, doesn't she?

      you have worked hard for three years,   haven't you?

    但是我们常常会遇到特殊的、不符合以上规律的反意疑问句。本文要讨论的就是这种特殊形式的反意疑问句。

  1. 祈使句 + will you / won't you/ can't you?

    这种结构严格的说是形式上的反意疑问句或叫 类反意疑问句 。这种结构使祈使句听起来比较婉转、客气.  will you 多表示请求, 表示告诉某人做某事,附加部分多用 will, would , can 使语气更婉转.  won't you 多表示邀请或提醒对方注意。 

    e.g. Go to the cinema now, will/won't you?

         Look at the blackboard, will/won't you?

   e.g. Come here, would you?

        Stop talking, can you?

  注意:

  A). 否定式祈使句后面的附加部分不可用 won't  you,  

  一般用 will you , 也可用can you .

    e.g. Don't make a noise, will /can you?

  B). Let's...., shall/ shan't we?  Let's... 含义是 咱们... 包括说话的对方, 所以人称代词要用  we.

    e.g. Let's go home, shall we?  Let's go home, shan't we? 

    但  Let us/ me/him ...., will/ won't you ?

        Let me ....除了可用 will you 外还可用 may I,要注意意义

     Let me help you, may I?     我可以....吗?

     Let me help you, will you?  你让我....吗?

   2. 感叹句的反意疑问句附加部分用 to be 的一般现在时的否定式。

     e.g. What fine weather, isn't it?

          How hard she works, isn't she?

   3. 陈述部分含有 need, dare 的反意疑问句

    A). 当 need , dare 为普通动词时,  反意疑问句附加部分用助动词 do 的某种形式。

     e.g. He needs help, doesn't he?

    B).当 need , dare 为情态动词时, 反意疑问句附加部分用其本身。

     e.g. We need  do it again, needn't we?

          He dare not say so, dare he?

  当陈述部分有 needn't 时, 反意疑问句附加部分一般用 need有时可用 must.

     e.g. He needn't do that, need he?

          He needn't do that, must he?

   4. 当陈述部分有 used to...时, 反意疑问句附加部分用 didn't/ usedn't/ used + 主语 + not?

     e.g. She used to visit her uncle on holidays, didn't she?

       She used to visit her uncle on holidays, usedn't she?

       He used to play football when he was young, used he not?

   5. 当陈述部分有 I am ...时, 反意疑问句附加部分用

     aren't I / ain't I 或 am I not?

    e.g. I am interested in English, aren't I?

          I am interested in English, ain't I?

          I am working now, am I not?

   例外:

      I'm very thirsty, aren't you?  我很渴,你呢?

      这句中的 aren't you?  ===  how about you?

   6. 当陈述部分有 ought to时, 反意疑问句附加部分用

      ought  或  should.             

     e.g. We ought to start at once, oughtn't we? 

          We ought to start at once, shouldn't we?

          Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they?

          Such things ought not to be allowed, should they?

  7.  当陈述部分含有 must 时, 要注意 must 的含义。

     表示 一定要, 必须时, 反意疑问句附加部分用

      mustn't 或 needn't

     e.g. He must work hard at physics, mustn't he?

          You  must renew the book, needn't you?

     表示推测 一定是, 必定是时, 反意疑问句附加部分有下列情况:

  A). 当陈述部分有 must be  ...时, 反意疑问句附加部分用 be  的现在时态。

     e.g. He must be very tired, isn't he?

          He must be working hard at the office, isn't he?

  B). must have + 过去分词   表示对过去的推测

    a). 单纯表示对过去的推测, 与现在无关, 反意疑问句附加部分用过去式。

    b). 表示对过去的推测且影响到现在或持续现在, 反意疑问句附加部分用现在完成式。

     e.g. He must have come yesterday, didn't he?

          You must have studied English for years, haven't you?

        He must have lived here at least ten years, hasn't he?

   8.   can't 表示推测 作不可能解时,  反意疑问句附加部分根据后的动词选用相应的形式。

     e.g. He can't be a doctor, is he?

        The workers can't have finished their work, have they?

   9. 当陈述部分有 have to 时, 反意疑问句附加部分用助动词  do  的某种形式。

     e.g. Jack has to go there on foot, doesn't he?

                  We have to get up early, don't we?

            但:  have got to...,  have ...?

        We have got to work hard, haven't we?

   10. 当陈述部分谓语有 had better 时,   反意疑问句附加部分用 shouldn't /  hadn't

    e.g. You'd better put on your coat, shouldn't you?

      You'd better put on your coat, hadn't you?

      We had better go right now, shouldn't we?

      We had better go right now, hadn't we?

  11. 当陈述部分谓语有 would rather 或 would like to 时,  反意疑问句附加部分用 wouldn't  + 主语。

     e.g. He would rather read the text ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?

    You'd like to have some bananas, wouldn't you?

  12. 当陈述部分主语是 I wish ...时, 反意疑问句附加部分用 may I?    注意: 前后均需用肯定式

     e.g. I wish to go home, may I?

          I wish I were you, may I?

   13. 当陈述部分含有主从复合句时,

     a).  注意观察主句的主语。 主句的主语是第一人称(we, I) 时。 反意疑问句附加部分的主语与从句主语一致。 否则与主句主语一致。     b).  注意否定转移!  当主句谓语动词是   suppose,   think, expect, belive, imagine时, 只要出现否定词 Not  反意疑问句附加部分就用肯定形式。

   e.g.

    I think he will be back in an hour, won't he?

    We don't suppose he cares, does he?

    You don't suppose he cares, do you?

    c). 含有主从复合句的反意疑问句附加部分与句子的重心一致.

   e.g.

     It is said that he is a teacher, isn't he?

  14. 当陈述部分是并列句时, 反意疑问句附加部分用与最接近( 最后一个)分句的主语、谓语一致。

     e.g. We must study English hard or we can't be good at it, can we?

          He is a doctor but his wife is a teacher, isn't she?

  15. 当陈述部分有下列否定词时, 反意疑问句附加部分用肯定结构。

 ( few; little ; seldom; hardly; never; not; no; no one;   no body ; nothing;none; neither 等)

  e.g. There is little ink in your pen, is there?

       He can hardly write his name, can he?

   然而

      1)如果陈述部分的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀而构成的, 附加部分依然用否定式。

 e.g. It's unfair, isn't it?

      You are hopeless, aren't you?

      She dislike doing housework, didn't she?

      She had a dislike for housework, didn't she?

   2). no one, nobody, none, nothing, neither 在陈述部分作动词的宾语时,反意疑问句附加部分一般用肯定结构间或也可用否定结构。

  e.g. You got nothing from him, did(n't) you?

        He has nothing to say, does(n't) he?

  16. 以引导词 there 开始的句子(不包括作地点状语的 there ), 反意疑问句附加部分主语也用 there.

   e.g.

    There'll be enough for everybody, won't there?

    There seems to be no question about it, doesn't there?

  17. A). 陈述部分的主语是 everything, nothing,  anything  或 something 时,  反意疑问句附加部分主语用 it.

  e.g. Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it?

       Nothing is serious, is it?

      B).  陈述部分的主语是 everybody,   everyone,   anybody, anyone, somebody,someone, nobody, no one, none, neither (  注意这些代词一般指人)时,  反意疑问句附加部分主语一般用 they,  也可用 he.

  e.g. Everyone is here, aren't they?

       Neither side could win, could they?

       No one knows about it, do they?

       None of the students are absent, are they?

       Everyone knows this, don't they?

       Everyone knows this, doesn't he?

  例外: none of + 表示物的名词或代词,就是说 none 不指人或是不可数名词时, 反意疑问句附加部分主语用 it.

     e.g. None of it is hers, is it?

          None of his money is left, is it?

   C). 陈述部分的主语是指示代词 this 或 that 时,反意疑问句附加部分主语用 it; 陈述部分的主语是 these 或 those 时,  反意疑问句附加部分主语用 they.

   e.g. This is a beautiful picture, isn't it?

        Those are Japanese, aren't they?

    D). 陈述部分的主语是不定代词 one 时,  反意疑问句附加部分主语可以用 one, 也可以用 you. (美国英语中还可以用 he)

     e.g. One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one?

          One can't be too careful, can you?

    E). 当 neither ... nor; both ... and 连接两个主语时,  附加部分的主语常用复数。

e.g.

 Neither you nor I am wrong, are we?

 Both you and he are students, are you?

 Both Xiao Li and Xiao Wang are students, are they?

  18.  陈述部分的主语是 主语从句, 不定式短语,  或动名词短语时,反意疑问句附加部分主语用 it.

     e.g. What you need is more practice, isn't it?

          To learn English well isn't easy, is it?

          Swimming is great fun, isn't it?

  19. 在口语对话中, 表示讥讽或怀疑时, 往往先简略重复之后再反问, 回答时陈述部分与反意疑问句附加部分一致。 (同时否定或肯定。 这种句式叫同向反意疑问句)

   e.g.

 ----- Tom told me he saw a ghost last night.

 ----- He did, did he?

   e.g.

 ----- You mustn't listen to his story.

 ----- Oh, I mustn't, mustn't I?

    若回答时先用了 yes 或 no , 便不强求一致。

     e.g.

  ---- We might be able to beat them.

  ---- Yes, we might, mightn't we?

    20. 陈述部分以 so 开头时,  反意疑问句附加部分用同向疑问句,表示惊讶,怀疑或不满等情绪。

     e.g. So you are getting married, are you?

          So you don't like my cooking, don't you?