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文化生活第三单元《中华文化与民族精神》练习(二)

录入者:sophiawei1989  人气指数: 次  发布时间:2020年05月14日

文化生活第三单元《中华文化与民族精神》练习(二)

 

12017·天津卷)中国人民革命军事博物馆举办的“英雄史诗不朽丰碑——纪念中国工农红军长征胜利八十周年主题展览”,通过大量珍贵的图片和实物,全景式展现了红军在中国共产党领导下艰苦卓绝的光辉历程,在社会各界引起了强烈反响。下列表述与该展览主题最为贴切的是

A.继承革命传统,弘扬民族精神      B.营造文化氛围,促进文化创新    

C.传承历史文化,展现时代精神       D.坚定理想信念,推动文艺繁荣

22017·北京卷)在中国水墨画里,“墨分五色”中的“五色”常指“焦、浓、重、淡、清”,即使只用水墨,也可使画面产生视觉效果的变化,阴阳明暗、凹凸远近、苍翠秀润、动静巨微,尽在“五色”之妙。下列认识正确的有

①“墨分五色”在墨色运用上丰富多变,是辩证思维的体现

②墨色浓淡的变化表现出无穷境界,蕴含着丰富的文化内涵

③墨作为一种独特的文化载体,是中华民族精神的集中表现                                                      

④追求内敛、含蓄,崇尚飘逸、空灵,是时代精神的典型特征

A.①②    B.①③     C.②④      D.③④

3要实现中国梦,必须弘扬中国精神,这就是以爱国主义为核心的民族精神,以改革创新为核心的时代精神。二者间关系,表述正确的是

①相辅相成、相互支撑,统一于发展中国特色社会主义的伟大实践

②只有弘扬时代精神,才能使民族精神不移根基、不失本色

③只有弘扬民族精神,才能使时代精神博采众长

④时代精神是对民族精神的丰富和发展,是民族精神的延续

A.①③           B.②④         C.②③               D.①④

4、中华民族精神传承了中华传统文化血脉,已经成为凝聚人心的纽带。下列古语涵义与以爱国主义为核心的中华民族精神基本内涵对应恰当的是(  )

A

发愤忘食,乐以忘忧,不知老之将至(孔子)

奋斗精神

B

穷则独善其身,达则兼善天下(孟子)

梦想精神

C

上善若水,水善利万物而不争(老子)

创造精神

D

政之所兴在顺民心,政之所废在逆民心(管子)

团结精神

5、中华民族历经苦难而又生生不息。从汶川到玉树,再到芦山,那生命至上的国家理念,那万众一心的民族情怀,那百折不挠的坚韧品格,定格为无数震撼心灵的画面,砥砺我们奋力前行。这表明,中华民族精神

①在不同历史时期具有不同的内容      ②具有博大精深和兼收并蓄的特质

③蕴涵着中华民族共同的价值追求      ④是中华民族生存发展的精神支柱

A.①②      B.①④      C.②③      D.③④

6、在我国革命和建设时期,涌现出了一系列光辉灿烂的思想精华:井冈山精神、长征精神、延安精神、西柏坡精神、“两弹一星”精神、载人航天精神、抗震救灾精神和塞罕坝精神。这些精神(  )

①说明中华民族精神生生不息,历久弥新      ②是对中华民族精神的继承、丰富与发展

③具有鲜明的区域性、时代性和革命性      ④为中华民族精神的产生奠定了深厚的思想基础

A.①②      B.①③      C.②③      D.③④

7、2017年1月,教育部发函要求在2017年春季教材中将“八年抗战”一律改成“十四年抗战”,全面反映日本侵华罪行,强调九一八事变后十四年抗战历史是前后贯通的整体,应在课程教材中予以系统、准确体现。此举(  )

①体现了中华民族精神是中华民族共同的价值追求 ②有利于弘扬以爱国主义为核心的中华民族精神

③表明提高思想道德修养是文化建设的中心环节  ④体现了教育在人的教化和培育上扮演着重要角色

A.①②          B.①③           C.②④           D.③④

 

8、习近平总书记《在文艺工作座谈会上的讲话》中强调中华优秀传统文化是中华民族的精神命脉。下列古诗句中体现中华民族精神核心的是(  )

①千磨万击还坚韧,任尔东西南北风      ②愿得此身长报国,何须生入玉门关

③臣心一片磁针石,不指南方不肯休      ④垂头自惜千金骨,伏枥仍存万里心

A.①②               B.②③           C.③④                   D.①④

9、南京大屠杀80年祭!80年前,30万同胞惨遭杀戮。“不忘历史,矢志复兴。”2017年12月13日,在侵华日军南京大屠杀遇难同胞纪念馆,以国家名义祭奠30万同胞!举行南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭仪式有利于(  )

①激发爱国情感,增强民族凝聚力            ②人们牢记历史,不忘国仇家恨

③弘扬中华优秀文化,激扬民族精神          ④满足人们多元化的文化需求

A.①③             B.①④                  C.②③                D.②④

10、宋代理学大师朱熹在任福建漳州知州时,曾为创办的白云岩书院写过一副对联:地位清高,日月每从肩上过;门庭开豁,江山常在掌中看。这是千百年来无数中国仁人志士的崇高精神追求。这种精神追求

①凝聚着自信自尊,是决定民族生存和发展的重要因素

②体现着与时俱进,是对中华民族精神的补充和发展

③蕴涵着心忧天下的爱国情操,体现着中华民族共同的价值追求

④充溢着从容淡定的情怀,是激励人们奋发有为的精神动力

A.①②             B.①③                   C.③④                D.②④

11、每当中华民族处于重大危难的关头,中华民族就会团结一致,奋起抗争,用热血铸就的爱国情怀和民族气节构成一个民族的精神坐标。这个坐标(  )

①我们应辩证分析,要取其精华,去其糟粕        ②能成为中华民族生存发展的精神支柱

③是社会变革的先导和文化创新的重要基础        ④能展现中华民族整体风貌和精神特征

A.①②          B.①③            C.②④                D.③④

12、2017年8月,国家主席习近平对河北塞罕坝林场建设者感人事迹作出重要指示指出,55年来,河北塞罕坝林场的建设者们听从党的召唤,在“黄沙遮天日,飞鸟无栖树”的荒漠沙地上艰苦奋斗、甘于奉献,创造了荒原变林海的人间奇迹,用实际行动诠释了绿水青山就是金山银山的理念,铸就了牢记使命、艰苦创业、绿色发展的塞罕坝精神。塞罕坝精神(  )

①是对中华民族精神的不断丰富和发展       ②显示了中华民族厚重的文化底蕴

③是维系民族生存和发展的精神纽带         ④能够转化为民族振兴的强大物质力量

A.①②            B.①④            C.②③             D.③④

13、纪录片《大国工匠》在电视台播放后产生了广泛影响,人们深深折服于他们“精雕细琢、精益求精”的工匠精神和“热爱本职、敬业奉献”的赤子情怀。《大国工匠》之所以打动国人并产生广泛影响,是因为“工匠精神”(  )

A.是维系中华各族人民共同生活的精神纽带      B.是我们应对各种思想文化影响的主心骨

C.是以锐意创新为核心的优秀文化              D.反映了中华民族文化的价值追求                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

14、首支绿色中国梦公益广告《中国梦——库布其治沙篇》在央视多频道播出后,库布其人绿化沙漠的奋斗精神使人们深受震撼,沙漠变绿洲的中国梦让全社会的正能量再次积聚。这表明(  )

①人民群众创造文化,享用文化               ②核心价值凝魂聚气,人人践行

③中华美德源远流长,指引方向               ④民族精神生生不息,历久弥新

A.①②               B.②③              C.①④              D.③④

 

 

 

 

 

 152019·新课标全国卷阅读材料,完成下列要求。

         历史上,风沙、盐碱、内涝肆虐,兰考民生艰难、百姓贫苦。上世纪六十年代,“县委书记的好榜样”——焦裕禄依靠群众,开启治理“三害”的征程,改善了兰考自然环境,形成了“亲民爱民、艰苦奋斗、科学求实、迎难而上、无私奉献”的焦裕禄精神。2014年,在党的群众路线教育实践活动中,习近平总书记选择兰考作为联系点,叮嘱当地干部要切实关心贫困群众,带领群众艰苦奋斗,早日脱贫致富。“改变兰考贫困的面貌,让百姓过上好日子。”兰考县委牢记总书记嘱托,把脱贫作为第一民生工程,提出了“三年脱贫,七年小康”的奋斗目标。兰考广大党员干部密切联系群众,深入调查研究,找到了制约经济发展的瓶颈,制定了切实可行的脱贫措施。在焦裕禄精神的鼓舞下,兰考人民团结奋斗,因地制宜,创造性地建立“公司+贫困户”“经营大户+贫困户”等模式,发展温室大棚种植、畜牧业、民族乐器制作等产业,打赢了艰苦卓绝的脱贫攻坚战。2017年,兰考在河南省率先摘掉贫困县的帽子。2018年,兰考入选中国“幸福百县榜”。

  2)弘扬焦裕禄精神对于打赢脱贫攻坚战具有重要意义,运用中华民族精神的知识并结合材料加以分析。

  3)班级学习园地“如何学习焦裕禄艰苦奋斗精神”栏目征稿,请列举两个写作要点。

 

15.2)民族精神是实现中华民族伟大复兴的强大精神动力。焦裕禄精神是中华民族精神的生动体现,为打赢脱贫攻坚战提供了强大的精神力量;弘扬焦裕禄精神,能够树牢以人民为中心的发展思想;凝聚民心,激励斗志;迎难而上,无私奉献,因地制宜,精准扶贫脱贫。

  3)志存高远,脚踏实地;不畏困难,顽强拼搏;勇于探索,创新创造。

 

162018·新课标全国卷阅读材料,完成下列要求。

开国将军甘祖昌,参加过井冈山斗争、五次反“围剿”、长征、抗日战争、解放战争,荣获过八一勋章、独立自由勋章、解放勋章。

长征路上,甘祖昌和同村战友约好,革命成功后,一起回家搞建设,让乡亲们过上好日子;革命胜利后,曾经的誓言让他心中的乡愁越酿越浓。1957年8月,他主动辞去军队领导职务,秉持“共产党人不能享清福,要艰苦奋斗一辈子”的信念,举家回到家乡沿背村务农。他把70%的工资捐给了家乡的建设事业,有关部门按照规定要给他盖房配车,被他一一拒绝。他领着乡亲们修水利,建电站,架桥梁,绿化荒山,改造冬水田……一项项利民工程帮助村民摆脱贫穷、走向富裕。1986年,甘祖昌病逝,留给妻子和儿女的唯一遗产是三枚勋章。

将军农民的事迹被编入小学课本,教育了一代又一代人。习近平高度评价甘祖昌将军的艰苦奋斗精神,强调不仅我们这代人要传承,下一代也要弘扬,要一代一代传承下去。

2)新时代传承和弘扬艰苦奋斗精神对建设中国特色社会主义文化有什么意义?运用文化生活的知识加以分析。

【答案】艰苦奋斗精神是革命文化的精华,是建设中国特色社会主义文化的重要资源。新时代传承和弘扬艰苦奋斗精神,有利于坚定理想信念,牢记使命;有利于培育和践行社会主义核心价值观,培育中华民族精神,增强文化自信。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

17.2016全国卷123.阅读材料,完成下列要求。(26分)

一个有希望的民族不能没有英雄,一个有前途的国家不能没有先锋。中华民族英雄是中华民族的栋梁。

近年来,有的人打着“还原历史真相”的旗号颠覆英雄、歪曲历史、消解崇高。如胡诌“黄继光堵枪眼不合情理”“‘火烧邱少云’违背生理学”“董存瑞炸碉堡为虚构”等。凡此种种混淆是非的谣言借助网络等传媒随意传播,一些网民盲目更风、随手转发。这种抹黑英雄形象的谣传引起了一些人历史认知混乱和价值观迷失。

还原历史、守护英雄、捍卫崇高,就是守护良知、正义和精神家园。战场上多次负伤的志愿军老战士李继德动情地说:“黄继光堵枪眼时,我在现场!”当年的老排长郭安民挺身直言,燃烧弹点燃伪装草,“大火整整烧了二十多分钟,邱少云始终一动不动”。董存瑞的生前战友郑顺义多次口述力证,董存瑞舍身炸碉堡,就在他的掩护之下……

1)结合材料和文化生活知识,探究如何守护英雄、弘扬中华民族精神。(10分)

2)班级召开“我为英雄点个赞”主题班会,请就如何学习英雄列出两条发言要点,每条10-30个字。(4分)

 

17.1尊重历史事实,增强辨别信息真伪、抵御落后文化和错误言论的能力。

利用网络等大众传媒传播英雄事迹,抵制和批驳肆意抹黑英雄、歪曲历史的言行,大力宣传英雄精神,使群众懂得英雄精神是中华民族精神的突出表现,继承和弘扬英雄精神。

2)树立崇高理想,为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦而奋斗;

勤奋学习,掌握为国家、社会、为人民作贡献的本领;深入社会实践,在实践中增长才干。

 

18.2015全国卷2阅读材料,完成要求。

抗日战争期间,面对日本侵略者的疯狂进攻,中国人民克服经济力、军力、政治组织力等远远弱于日本的困难,同仇敌忾、共赴国难,以血肉之躯筑起了捍卫祖国的钢铁长城,涌现出杨靖宇、赵尚志、左权、赵登禹、张自忠、戴安澜等爱国将领,“狼牙山五壮士”“八百壮士”等英雄群体,用生命和鲜血谱写了一首爱国主义的壮丽史诗。

在惊天地、泣鬼神的抗日战争中,形成了中华民族伟大的抗战精神,中国人民向世界展示了天下兴亡、匹夫有责的爱国情怀,视死如归、宁死不屈的民族气节,不畏强暴、血战到底的英雄气概,百折不挠、坚忍不拔的必胜信念。抗战精神始终支撑和激励中国人民浴血奋战,最终打败了极其残暴、极其野蛮的日本侵略者,赢得了中国人民抗日战争的伟大胜利,为世界反法西斯战争胜利作出了不可磨灭的贡献。

 

1)结合材料,运用文化生活知识说明抗战精神与中华民族精神的关系。(10分)

 

2)近年来,日本政界有人企图否认日本侵华的历史,请你加以批驳。(6分)

 

18.1以爱国主义为核心的中华民族精神是激励中国人民团结奋斗、自强不息的不竭精神动力。(3分)

抗战精神集中体现了爱国主义精神,(2分)是对中华民族精神的传承和弘扬。(2分)

抗战精神是中华民族精神的重要内容,是对中华民族精神的丰富和发展。(3分)

 

2南京大屠杀、731部队制造使用生化武器残害中国人民等日本侵华战争的罪行铁证如山,不会因任何人的抵赖而改变。

否认日本侵华历史的言行,是对日本军国主义战争罪行的蓄意美化,是对世界公理良知的粗暴践踏,违背了当今和平与发展的世界潮流。

否认日本侵华历史的言行,伤害了中国人民的感情,破坏了中日关系的政治基础,对人类和平和正义事业构成了巨大威胁。